The Lake and Peninsula Borough contains seventeen communities that are located within three distinct areas of the region: The Lakes Area, the Upper Peninsula Area, and the Chignik Area.

Located southwest of Anchorage along the Alaska Peninsula, the Lake and Peninsula Borough encompasses approximately 23,782 square miles of land (roughly the size of West Virginia) and 7,125 square miles of water. Extending 400 miles from Lake Clark in the north to Ivanof Bay in the south, it contains three National Parks (Lake Clark Nat'l Park & Preserve, Katmai Nat'l Park & Preserve, and Aniakchak Nat'l Monument & Preserve); two National Wildlife Refuges (Becharof Nat'l Wildlife Refuge and Alaska Peninsula Nat'l Wildlife Refuge); and numerous designated Wild and Scenic Rivers and State Critical Habitat Areas.